Remarriage: Is it a Sin?

Divorce and remarriage are rampant within modern society. Jesus said that anyone who divorces his wife makes her the victim of adultery (Matt 5:32). Jesus goes further saying that anyone who divorces and marries another woman commits adultery (Matt 19:9). Paul states that the sexually immoral will not inherit the kingdom of God (1 Cor 6:9). Ultimately, Scripture outlines two plausible reasons for divorce: infidelity and desertion.

The Bible takes the issue of divorce seriously. Marriage is the first institution that God created (Gen 2:24). Jesus provides an exception for divorce in the case of infidelity. Jewish tradition believed that it was okay for the innocent party to remarry. Indeed, today, if one is a victim of adultery in their marriage, they may remarry. For any other circumstance, remarriage would be considered adultery if divorce occurred for a biblically illegitimate reason.

Paul echoes the teaching of Jesus and says that husbands and wives should always err towards reconciliation (1 Cor 7:15). Paul does draw the exception of desertion. Here, again, the innocent party would not be bound to the original marriage, rendering the innocent party free to remarry. Paul reinforces this view when he says that someone who was freed from his or her marriage does not sin (1 Cor 7:26).

Some argue that Moses commanded husbands to divorce their wives (Deut 24:1). This is not the case. Moses permitted divorce, but not to the extent that it was practiced within the Jewish community. Jesus clearly asserts that there are circumstances that legitimize divorce and permit remarriage, however, these circumstances are not light and transient.

A man and woman are allowed to divorce only for reasons of infidelity and desertion. In this case, the victim is allowed to remarry. In all other cases, one who remarries commits adultery.

What does the Bible have to say about Abortion?

The Bible does not specifically state a position on abortion; however, one cannot say that the Bible does not outline a position on the personhood and moral standing of an unborn fetus. The Sixth Commandment says that one should not take an innocent life (Ex 20:13). Abortion interferes with the development of a human and thus, God’s plan for that human (SR, 127).

The Bible mentions an unborn fetus many times. Scripture uses the words “born” and “conceived” interchangeably (Job 3:3). Thus, it suggests that one is a person at the point of conception. In other parts of the Bible, the Hebrew term for boy is used to refer to an adult man (Ex 10:11, Deut 22:5, Judg 5:30). Thus, an adult man is a person in the same way that the conceived individual is a person. Further, God is involved in forming an unborn child and has knowledge of that child (Psalm 139:13). The Bible defines a fetus as a person from the point of conception.

Since the Bible does not outline a position on the practice of abortion, one must look at the morality of the action. First, one must consider if the choice brings glory to God. Scripture says that the father of a righteous child has great joy (Prov 23:24). The Lord is glorified when His law is upheld, and abortion violates the Sixth Commandment. Second, one must consider if they are acting out of love for God and for neighbor. Taking an innocent life does not uphold the standard of biblical love. Lastly, one must consider the moral norms. Scholars cannot clearly define the point of personhood accurately outside of the moment of conception. Thus, the moral norms of the sixth commandment and rights to life apply. The Bible defines the fetus as a person from the moment of conception, and abortion therefore kills an innocent child.

The Prodigal Son and Christian Worldview

The Prodigal Son and Christian WorldviewLuke 15:11-24

• This is one of three parables about finding what is lost. The scribes and Pharisees were complaining about Jesus’ association with tax collectors and sinners.

• “A certain man had two sons” when you read this, you should immediately realize that Jesus will be talking about two different points.
  Asked for his inheritance, which could be paid out any time
  b. The son already started with access to all of the Father’s riches…
  1. Isn’t that our story too? When we come to God, we have all
  access
  c. The son made the conscious decision to leave the father
  1. Fellowship was lost
  2. Provision was lost
  3. Protection was lost
  1. How does that compare to when we stray?
  d. The effects of absence fro the father was beginning to mount – he
  fell as far as he could possibly fall.
  1. He did not forsee his fall (youth connection….)
  2. He did not intend to fall
  3. He did what he could to stop the fall
  4. The process was gradual and continual

• It was at this point that the son realized the need for the father
  The son recognized the problem was sin and he was willing to do
  whatever was necessary in order to restore his fellowship

• The Father’s Story
  The father was left at home, his child left him
  b. He had another son, but he never stopped loving the one who left
  (pet)
  c. He never stopped hoping and looking for the son to return
  d. As soon as the son did return, he did four things
  1. He accepted him (kiss)
  2. He cleansed him (the robe)
  – Not work clothes
  3. He marked him a child again (ring)
  – Not the yoke of slavery
  4. He marked him as a member of the family (sandals)
  -Slaves had bare feet

• Once a son – always a son. The father never gave the son the option of returning as a slave. He had been and always would be his child and he treated him accordingly.

1. The father had every right to reject the son and refuse to allow him to return, but he chose not to.

• What is a worldview?
  1. the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the entirety of the individual or society’s knowledge and point of view.
  2. The way that we view morality, knowledge and our point of view…
     1. Academia says truth is relative, but Jesus says he is truth
  3. The way that we act is indicative of our own worldview.

• What was the worldview of the son?
  – How do you know? Cite scripture…
• What was the worldview of the father?
  – How do you know? Cite scripture?
• So often, our worldviews are encroached upon by the secular world. We adopt the mores, folkways and values of the culture and redefine our faith in order to meet the needs of society.
  1. Muslims worship the same God? (ABSOLUTELY NOT!)
  2. Universalism? (WRONG!)
  3. Gay Marriage? – God loves everyone and wants everyone to be happy… (WRONG!)
• How do we ensure that the world does not encroach on our worldview?
  1. Know the Bible and what the Bible has to say about each topic.
  2. Know your opinion, based on the Bible about that topic
  3. Study it, and be ready to give your thoughts.
• As Christians, the Prodigal Son in one way or another represents us all. We leave the fellowship, provision and protection of our families, the Church and God. It mirrors the creation story…
  1. The fall, willful sin, the effects of sin destroy us, and we need the Holy Ghost to convict us.
• God’s story:
  1. He never stopped loving us, we are his creation
  2. He began to prepare a way to restore us
  3. He desires for us to return

Sin will take you father than you want to go, cost you more than you want to pay, and keep you longer than you want to stay.

Isaiah: Short thoughts on a long book

The book of Isaiah demonstrates the trustworthiness of the Lord with regard to the two Kings that Isaiah advised. The aforementioned Kings are Ahaz and Hezekiah. A staunch comparison is drawn to delineate the way in which these Kings trusted the Lord. Ahaz did not trust God and suffered the consequences; however, Hezekiah did trust the Lord and Jerusalem was delivered. Much discussion has arisen over the topic of authorship. Many scholars believe in a three author approach to the work. They note that the literary styles shift and become more poetic and theoretical. However, Isaiah was an active prophet for over eighty years. Thus, it is easy to accept that his message and literary prose would change over time as he addressed different issues. The purpose of the work is to highlight the trustworthiness of Yahweh, the covenant God. The structure of the work suggests that the Lord will judge His people, yet offer hope. Ultimately, the work culminates in a Zion theology, promising the fulfillment of the Davidic Covenant.

A modern reader of the book of Isaiah should note that all of the messages in Chapters 40-66 are meant for a future audience. Ultimately, reconciliation is God’s ultimate goal. Though Israel was unfaithful under King Ahaz, the Lord was not unfaithful to the covenant He made. When Israel fails to be God’s nation, the Lord restores them to Him so that they may declare God’s glory among the nations. Likewise, when we stray from the Lord, we can reconcile that relationship with Him and become whole again. Furthermore, the suffering servant mentioned in chapter 52 alludes to the coming Messiah. Leviticus 16 describes the process of laying the burden on the scapegoat. Isaiah 52 parallels that idea, identifying the coming Messiah as the scapegoat for the sin of the world. The Lord is sovereign and gracious and is willing to reconcile broken relationships.

Gay Marriage: A Biblical View

The Bible defines marriage as the union between one man and one woman (Matt 19:4-6). Marriage is the first institution ordained by God. The Lord said that it is not good for man to be alone and fashioned woman, to be a wife from Adam’s rib (Gen 2:22-24). The seventh commandment talks about relational intimacy, its primary purpose being to protect marriage. Gay marriage does not adhere to God’s definition of marriage, and is therefore unbiblical.

Marriage is the first human institution. It is designed to model the relationship of Christ to the Church (Eph 5:23-24). Ultimately, marriage is more about holiness than it is happiness. God designed heterosexual marriage for humans in order that they might experience a new understanding of Christ’s love for the Church.

Throughout the Bible, homosexuality is condemned as unnatural, immoral, and an abomination to God (Lev 18:22, Rom 1:26-27). Further, the Bible say that homosexuals shall not inherit the kingdom of God (1 Cor 6:9). Homosexuality is an abomination to God, and gay marriage does not align with the will of God or the original purpose of marriage.

Further evidence that God did not intend for homosexuals to marry is that homosexual intercourse lends itself to a high risk of disease, which is the reward for their error (Rom 1:27). Paul identifies homosexual men as sinners (1 Tim 1:9-10). Men are not permitted to lie with other men, as they would with a woman (Lev 20:13).

God created the institution of marriage to be between one man and one woman so that they may experience pure sexual intimacy, and a better understand Christ’s love for the Church. Homosexuality is condemned throughout the Bible, which states that homosexuals will not inherit the kingdom of God. Thus, allowing homosexuals to marry as designed by God would compromise the sanctity of marriage.

Amos and Social Justice

The book of Amos forecasts disaster for the northern kingdom of Israel in the form of Assyrian invasion and exile as a result of entrenched religious hypocrisy and social injustice. Amos is known as the prophet of social justice, writing during the pre-exilic period. One can safely assume that Amos committed his revelations to writing and that he is the genuine author of the work. During the reigns of King Uzziah of Judah and King Jeroboam II of Israel, the Israelites were deeply religious, but were not holding true to the covenant stipulations outlined in the Mosaic covenant. The prophets of God, however, looked past the façade of the so-called golden age to the dry rot of social and moral decay in both Israel and Judah. Amos was wise in the way he chose to deliver his message. After being invited in to Israel to speak, he began by outlining all of the sins of the surrounding areas. For example, the Assyrians committed war crimes by running threshing boards over the wounded after the battle. The Phoenicians were violating international treaties, and the Philistines and Edomites were involved in slave trade. Upon hearing these accusations, the Israelites would have most certainly thought they were holier than the surrounding nations. However, when the time comes for Amos to evaluate Israel, he charges her with walking away from covenant relationship. Yahweh increases futility in their lives. Israel was taking advantage of the poor and the needy, and was not promoting social justice. Thus, Yahweh set a prophet to enlighten Israel of her ways.

A modern reader of the book of Amos should focus on social justice. True biblical faith manifests itself in wholesome talk, compassionate social concern, and sound doctrine informing godly behavior. Similar to the message of Amos, modern Christians should concern themselves with promoting and protecting social justice. The Lord’s grace manifests true repentance and restoration in those who follow. The Lord loves justice and hates evil, therefore, Christians should do the same. If the Church believes that we are responsible to be an agent for reconciliation and restoration in this world, we should be outspoken advocates for world-wide social justice.

Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs

Proverbs

The book of Proverbs collected the wisdom of ancient Israel and offered both instruction and example in Godly living. The book of Proverbs does not have any real connection to the historical story of the Israelites as documented in Genesis – Esther. This helps prove the universal nature and value of practical wisdom. The fear of the Lord is the foundational theme of the entire work. Fear is the beginning of wisdom; ergo wisdom is the fountain of life. The Hebrews believed that wisdom could be passed from one generation to the next, thus they sought to record their instructions. Much like the book of Psalms, there are multiple authors, depending on which section of the book one is reading. Proverbs 10-22 were written by Solomon, whereas Proverbs 30 was written by Agur, and still others by King Lemuel. The Hebrews believed that true wisdom comes from God, and those who would gain understanding must learn the fear of the Lord. Much of the book of Proverbs seeks to examine the retribution principle. Based on human experience, it was right for one to believe that those who are righteous will prosper and those who are wicked will suffer. Proverbs also serves to evaluate the power of the tongue and human speech, teaching that one’s character can be determined from their speech. Ultimately, the way of wisdom is keeping to the path of righteousness, because only men and women of integrity will remain in the land.

The modern reader of Proverbs should seek to understand that the literary strategies utilized, such as parallelism, are techniques used to instruct and reinforce meaning. There are timeless principles embedded in each Proverb, which are still applicable to today. Second, a modern reader would do well to note the power of human speech, both written and verbal. Out of the mouth flows the well-spring of the heart. Words have great power, as Proverbs 18:21 states, they may be used to wound or heal one’s spirit. Words also increase futility, often replacing actions. Today’s youth are attacked with profanity, vulgar language and unwholesome speech. As I try to instill in my students and the church youth, if you say something enough, you are destined to believe it. Proverbs helps, in many ways, back up the wisdom taught in the Christian Church.

Ecclesiastes

The book of Ecclesiastes demonstrates that there is nothing in life that is able to bring self-fulfillment or give meaning to life. The true question of the book of Ecclesiastes is what is the moral value of a life. The author of the work is identified as Qoheleth. Traditionally, Qoheleth is identified as Solomon, however, scholars cannot be certain in that assumption. The author uses allegories, metaphors, and other literary devices to convey his meaning. The message of Ecclesiastes is that the course of life to pursue is a God-centered life. This author focuses on the idea of that the clock is ticking and everything has an appropriate place in time. According to the author, one’s moral value should be attained in the context of fearing God. One’s heart should be inclined to obedience. Another notable aspect of Ecclesiastes is that it rebukes part of the retribution principle. The book of Ecclesiastes displays that even those who are righteous will face hardships and suffer in life. Ultimately, The author accepts the retribution principle in theory but denies its ability to predict how one might fare in life or to explain any person’s current situation.

A modern reader of the book of Ecclesiastes should note that moral value should be attained though the fear of the Lord. Job was a righteous man in God’s sight, yet still suffered. This work shows that one cannot find happiness or fulfillment in anything other than the Lord. The Lord removes his protection from Job and allows the devil to test him. God has the confidence in Job to know that Job will not forsake Him. One must have the spiritual maturity to realize that everything comes from the hand of God. Life is a gift, and our purpose is to be righteous in the sight of the Lord. A modern reader would do well to adhere to Ecc 12:13 “Let us hear the conclusion of the whole matter: Fear God, and keep his commandments: for this is the whole duty of man.”

Song of Songs

The love poetry of the Songs celebrates the male-female relationship established by God at creation and the goodness of human sexual love expressed within the confines of God-ordained marriage. The author of the book, traditionally Solomon, details love and romance in a believing nation.  Mainly, the work addresses the truth that comes out of Solomon’s life or regret. It celebrates romance in the right context. Christian couples should be the exemplars of what true love looks like. The book has been interpreted in many different ways. Some scholars believe that the ‘key’ to the book has been lost. The dramatic interpretation adheres to the idea that the work is an ancient Hebrew play. Other theories, such as the wedding cycle, didactic, or allegorical theories, attempt to interpret the book as allegory. Regardless of interpretation, the work is viewed as instruction on and celebration of the physical nature of human beings created male and female by God. The book focuses on the chastity of young lovers, which was a start contrast to the sexual immorality of the cultures surrounding the Hebrews.

A modern reader of Song of Songs should realize that there are many different interpretations of the work. The Christian church popularizes the idea that Song of Songs depicts the relationship between Christ and the Church. One would do well to realize that Solomon regrets his promiscuity. The   positive dimensions of human love portrayed in the Song are important as cues for molding strong relationships. The topic of sex and relationships is often taboo in Church. A reader of Song of Songs would do well to comprehend how a biblical courtship should commence. Adhering to these teaching in the midst of the immorality of modern culture proves, for many, to be difficult. The Lord knows how wonderful the relationship between a man and woman is, and seeks to preserve its sanctity for marriage.

The Book of Pslams

The purpose of the book of Psalms is to use the familiar hymns of Israel to provide a cantata-like presentation of God’s kingship through his anointed representatives, the kings of David. Similar to a catchy song, the book of Psalms attempts to instill right theology in a memorable way. The book of Psalms has no set author. Many people, such as David, Asaph, Herman, Ethan, and the Sons of Korah are all credited with writing portions of the book. It was not until a later editor put the works together that the modern book of Psalms was canonized.  Each author would have had a specific purpose for each composition. There is not a unified purpose or message that can be attributed to the book as a whole. One must search for the purpose of each individual composition. Ultimately, the book attempts to reflect the nature of God and the response of the individual.

To the modern church, the book of Psalms represents that there was always a faithful remnant in Israel’s history no matter how bad things got in the Kingdom. There was always an active, worshipping community. Through the different types of Psalms, such as Royal, Thanksgiving, Individual laments and Community laments, the reader is able to better understand the relationship between God and his creation. The Psalms display right worship, especially when focusing on God’s relationship with nature. The blessings and curses connected to the covenant were tied to the produce of the land. God is elevated above nature, and man is the pinnacle of his creation. Thus, as Psalms displays, mankind is to worship the Lord no matter what situation arises in life.

Archaeology, Wisdom Literature, and the Book of Job

In regards to the Old Testament, the practice of archaeology has been both a blessing and a hindrance to the study of the Bible. Archaeologists oftentimes find shards of pottery, but seldom locate written records. It is these written records that shed light and give insight into Biblical studies. Archaeology can authenticate history, but it cannot authenticate theology, and from the biblical perspective, history devoid of theology is meaningless. Though multiple archives of written records, such as the archive of Elba, the Nuzi archive and the Amarna archives have been found, they seldom are able to cross-reference key biblical figures or biblical events. The most famous recent archaeological discovery is that of the Dead Sea Scrolls.  These scrolls have pride of place among the most significant contributions of archaeology to biblical studies. These documents date the OT writings nearly one thousand years earlier than previously thought. Archaeology does, however, inform our knowledge of the people of the Old Testament by adding facts and perspectives not derived from scripture.

Hebrew wisdom is like a mountain full of precious gemstones that must be carefully mined out of sediment and rock formations one by one. Wisdom literature, such as the book of Job, is composed of different literary techniques. Hebrew poetry contains techniques such as semantic parallelism, progressive parallelism, and grammatical parallelism. Authors frequently employed other techniques such as alliteration, acrostics, meter, ellipsis, inclusion and parallelism. Robert Lowth, a 18^th century Bishop, was the first to identify the theme of parallelism in the Old Testament. The authors employed said techniques in order to make their works memorable, like a catchy song. Wisdom literature, as a genre, stems from the need for people to cope with the reality of human existence for sheer survival. Wisdom was believed to be passed down from generation to generation. An example of which can be found in the book of Proverbs. These sayings attempted to model what right relationship with Yahweh looked like. Such is the case with the book of Job.

The purpose of the book of Job is to test God’s policies concerning justice. The book examines justice, emphasizing the importance of the suffering of righteous people. God’s policies are being put on trial. Most readers of Job search for the answer to the question of ‘Why do bad things happen to good people.’ This, however, is not the correct question to ask. Instead, one should ask ‘Why do the righteous suffer’. Job is presented as a patriarchal type figure, like Abraham. Through Job’s experiences, the retribution principle is debunked. This principle states that those who are righteous will receive blessings and those who are wicked will reap suffering. This presented a problem to the monotheistic Hebrews. Since there was only one sovereign God, suffering could not come from another source. Because this one God was believed to be absolutely just, suffering must have a logical explanation. The book of Job models that righteousness does guarantee one blessings. One must also realize that they are unable to offer God’s vantage point for the person who is suffering. Satan, in the book of Job, calls God’s character into question. Man, however, should not. The reader learns that there is never an evil intent behind the Lord’s plan, even if that plan breeds suffering for the righteous.

Job is presented as a patriarchal type figure, putting him around the time of Genesis. This would have been the most relevant time for Job’s message because of the suffering incurred by the Hebrew people after the time of Joseph and before the Exodus from Egypt. Though many Hebrews were faithful to Yahweh, they were still slaves. Furthermore, there was a predominate idea of theodicy. The common belief held that those who were righteous were blessed and the wicked would suffer. Thus, someone living in the ANE during the time of Job would have thought that Job must have committed a wicked crime in order to have endured so much suffering. This, however, is untrue. The book of Job provides the early Hebrew people with an answer to why righteous people face suffering in their lives. This example would serve to help them later rationalize and trust in the Lord during the trying times to come.

Nehemiah: Theological High Points

Nehemiah is well known for the administrative skill he demonstrated in organizing the restoration community to repair and rebuild a large section of the wall of Jerusalem destroyed by the Babylonians in 587 B.C.. The book of Nehemiah presents a theological interpretation of the history of Israel. When the Hebrew people returned from the Babylonian exile, they were determined to lead a life that honored the one true God.

When the Israelites returned to their homeland, their enemies saw their occupation of the land as a threat. Nehemiah’s initiative to repair the walls of Jerusalem was undertaken against considerable resistance offered by a coalition of local alien enemies. The major theological highpoint of Nehemiah is the focus on the rebuilding of the wall surrounding Jerusalem. The way in which Nehemiah facilitates this construction is an example of how one should execute spiritual leadership and oversight.

The first seven chapters focus on the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem. Chapters 8-13 focus on rebuilding of the spiritual life of Israel, which only escalates as threats from the enemy increase. Instead of simply leaving his workers defenseless, Nehemiah recognizes that the solution to foreign threats is to equip his workers with swords too. Ultimately, Nehemiah is able to inspire the people to complete the walls.

Another key theological highpoint is the reading of the Torah and the bringing of the people together. Nehemiah 8:8 says “Then Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and teacher of the Law, and the Levites who were instructing the people said to them all, “This day is holy to the Lord your God. Do not mourn or weep.” For all the people had been weeping as they listened to the words of the Law.” The Levites would read from the Torah and explain the meaning to the people, thus paving the way for modern exegesis. The priests were charged with giving the fullest sense possible of the Word of God to the people.

Ultimately, Yahweh proves himself once again as a covenant keeper. Yahweh’s willingness to return to those who returned to Him assured the postexilic community of His desire to bless and restore the covenant people. Yahweh responded to the prayers of His people and maintained a faithful remnant in order to fulfill His promises.

A modern reader of Nehemiah should focus on the leadership and executive oversight exhibited by Nehemiah. Nehemiah is the example of what a Godly leader should be. He actively cared for his people and their situation, defining the reality of that dire situation. He reminded them that their city lay in ruin, and reminded them of the truth that they are called to rebuild the walls of the city. Nehemiah understood that prayer is essential to know God’s will. He was able to build a team of people who were dedicated to fulfilling God’s call. Though they were ridiculed and mocked, Nehemiah did not let the people lose hope. These examples from the book of Nehemiah should serve to encourage and instruct modern leaders as to how to appropriately work for the furtherance of God’s kingdom.